Famous Japan Earthquake – In light of Friday’s tsunami following Japan’s earthquake, learn how deadly waves form, what the warning signs are, and how to respond when a tsunami threatens. (Watch the tsunami video.)

AP reports that after the 8.9 magnitude earthquake, a huge tsunami, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded, hit the east coast of Japan, killing hundreds of people.

Famous Japan Earthquake

(Learn how nations are coming together to help others after earthquakes, tsunamis, and other natural disasters.)

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Within hours, the tsunami hit Hawaii and alerted across the Pacific Ocean, including South America, Canada, Alaska and the United States, such as the Oregon coast, AP reported. (See more photos of the tsunami.)

• A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. Less commonly, a tsunami can be caused by a large meteor hitting the ocean.

• Scientists have found traces of an asteroid impact that they say would have caused a massive tsunami that circled Earth several times 3.5 billion years ago. for years, except for the highest mountains, they remained under water. The coastlines of the continents were drastically altered and nearly all life on land was destroyed. (Read the story.)

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• An earthquake can cause a tsunami if it is strong enough and the seabed is large enough to cause a large displacement and sudden large volumes of water.

• Tsunami (pronounced soo-NAH-mee) is a Japanese word, and tsunamis are actually very common in Japan. They have killed thousands of Japanese in recent centuries. (Answer the tsunami quiz.)

• A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series of waves, also called a wave train. The first wave of a tsunami is not necessarily the most damaging. Tsunamis are tidal waves.

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• Tsunami waves can be as far as 100 kilometers and last up to an hour. They can cross entire oceans without losing much energy. in 2004 the Indian Ocean Tsunami traveled about 3,000 miles (about 5,000 kilometers) into Africa and was powerful enough to kill people and destroy property.

Scientists say that in 1700, an earthquake of magnitude 9 occurred in the northwest Pacific and caused a tsunami that caused flooding and damage to the Pacific coast of Japan. (See Did a North American Earthquake Cause Japan’s 1,700 Tsunamis?)

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• Tsunamis rise less than a foot (30 centimeters) above the surface of the open ocean, where they are invisible to mariners. But a high-energy shock wave travels across the ocean at high speeds, sometimes as fast as a commercial airliner. When a tsunami reaches shallow water near the coast, it slows down. The top of the wave moves faster than the bottom and causes the sea to rise rapidly.

• Geological features such as reefs, winds, river inlets and underwater formations can dissipate tsunami energy. In some areas, a tsunami can cause the sea to rise vertically by only a few centimeters or feet. Tsunamis are known to rise up to 30 meters (100 ft) on a regular basis in other areas. Most tsunamis cause seas to rise no more than 10 feet (3 meters).

According to the news in December 2004. The Indian Ocean tsunami produced waves as high as 30 feet (9 meters) in some places. Elsewhere, witnesses described rapid ocean waves.

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Floodwaters can extend a thousand feet (300 meters) or more. The enormous energy of a tsunami can lift large rocks, overturn vehicles and destroy houses.

• Tsunamis do not necessarily make their final approach to land as a series of giant crashing waves. They can be more like a very rapid flood. This can be accompanied by significant underwater turbulence, people being swept underwater and heavy objects being thrown. Due to the tsunamis, the entire coastline was destroyed.

• The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami could be the most destructive in history. More than 200,000 people died, many of them washed out to sea.

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Until 2004, the recorded Tsunami that caused the most damage was the tsunami of 1782. after the earthquake in the South China Sea, approximately 40,000 people died. In 1883, after the eruption of the Krakatau volcano in Indonesia, about 36,500 people died due to a tsunami in the South Java Sea. More than 25,000 people died in a tsunami in northern Chile in 1868.

• According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Pacific Ocean is the most active tsunami zone. However, tsunamis have also occurred in other areas of water, including the Caribbean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian and Atlantic Oceans.

North Atlantic tsunamis include the tsunami associated with the 1775 Lisbon earthquake that killed 60,000 people in Portugal, Spain and North Africa. In this earthquake, a tsunami of about 23 feet (7 meters) occurred in the Caribbean Sea.

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• Since 1498 the Caribbean Sea has been hit by 37 confirmed tsunamis. Some of them were local, others were remote events, like in 1775. result of the earthquake near Portugal. The number of victims of these Caribbean tsunamis is about 9500.

• In Turkey, after the Izmit earthquake of 1999, large tsunami waves occurred in the Sea of Marmara.

• An earthquake is a natural warning of a tsunami. If you feel a strong tremor, stay away from the shore. If you hear about an earthquake, be aware of the possibility of a tsunami and listen to the radio or television for additional information. Remember that an earthquake can send deadly waves thousands of miles across the ocean many hours after the event that triggered the tsunami.

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• Eyewitnesses report that the water level sometimes drops or rises before a tsunami approaches. If you see the ocean receding rapidly, this is a good sign that a tsunami may be coming. Go to the heights quickly.

Many people died in the Indian Ocean tsunami because they went down to the sea to watch the receding ocean expose the seabed. Experts believe that a receding ocean can alert people to evacuate an area even five minutes in advance.

• Remember that a tsunami is a series of waves and the first wave may not be the most dangerous. The danger of a tsunami can last for several hours after the arrival of the first wave. A tsunami wave train can occur as string waves with an interval of five minutes to an hour. A tide can be marked by repeated ebb and flow of the ocean. Avoid danger until you hear it is safe.

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•Survivors of the Indian Ocean tsunami reported that the sea exploded as quickly and powerfully as it came ashore. When the ocean receded, many people were washed out of the sea.

• The height of the tsunami may be small in one place on the coast and big in another nearby place. Don’t assume that just because one place has a minimal tsunami warning, it will be the same everywhere else.

• Tsunamis can travel in rivers and streams towards the sea. Stay away from rivers and streams that lead to the sea, just as you would stay away from the beach and ocean in the event of a tsunami.

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• NOAA advises that since tsunami wave activity is not seen in the open ocean, ships should not return to port if they are at sea and a tsunami warning has been issued for the area. Tsunamis can cause rapid changes in water levels and unpredictable, dangerous currents in harbors and ports.

Ship owners may wish to put their ships out to sea if there is time and if the mariners are permitted by the port authority. People should not stay on the ships that dock at the ports. Tsunamis often overturn ships and destroy them on the normal waterline.

• Increased awareness of the potential for tsunamis to inundate the US West Coast has led NOAA, the US Geological Survey and the Federal Emergency Management Administration to launch a program to improve tsunami forecasting. When an ocean tsunami passes through, a network of sensitive recorders on the seabed measure the pressure in the surface water, sending the information to sensors on buoys, which in turn transmit the data to satellites for immediate transmission to warning centers.

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• The Pacific Tsunami Warning System (TWS), which consists of 26 member countries, monitors seismic and tidal stations throughout the Pacific region. The system assesses tsunami-causing earthquakes and issues tsunami warnings. International Tsunami Warning System in India

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