How Many People Are Employed In Agriculture – The Map of the Month series on Resources Resources explores open source maps on the state of natural resources, biodiversity, commerce and people. Our analysts develop databases that are peer-reviewed or based on a clear and structured approach.
Food is essential for our life, but the proportion of people working in food production has decreased over time. As countries develop, advances in technology and increased yields often lead to fewer people working in agriculture.
How Many People Are Employed In Agriculture
The table below shows data from the World Bank on employment in agriculture over time. Globally, almost one billion people* work in the agricultural sector, around 28% of the population employed in 2018. This is down from 44% in 1991.
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But there are big differences in employment in agriculture between rich and poor countries: In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 69% of the working people work in agriculture; in the United States, only 1% work in the sector.
Data from the World Bank on the share of people working in agriculture, as a percentage of the working population, is shown below.
Together with labor data, other agricultural and climate data sets can help governments understand how recent and future climate changes affect their economy. The agricultural sector is vulnerable to drought, floods and extreme temperatures. The Plant Health Index from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration evaluates plant health based on a number of factors, including precipitation and temperature in the past week. Indexes below 40 indicate vegetation stress, where crop and livestock losses can be expected. Indexes above 60 indicate healthy plants.
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We estimate the number of people employed in agriculture based on World Bank data on the total labor force minus unemployment to employ the number of people employed. Then the number of people employed multiplied by the percentage employed in agriculture gives the number of people employed in agriculture. See the code for this calculation on Github. According to the World Bank, the agricultural sector includes activities in hunting, fishing and forestry, as well as growing crops and raising livestock. Feature photo via Flickr/ILO in Asia and the Pacific The recently released Periodic Labor Force Survey (PLFS) for 2019-20 brought to the fore a disturbing fact about the Indian economy – an increasing trend in the number of people who took up agriculture. . Worryingly, the proportion of workers working in manufacturing, construction and even in some contract jobs.
The latest PLFS data suggests that instead of being a shift from agriculture to manufacturing, the typical approach to structural change and a very slow process in India to begin with, the Indian economy is now being restructured along the lines of agriculture. is emerging as the main driver of job growth. To put this into perspective, consider the following: Between 2018-2020, India’s total workforce increased from 380.57 million in 2018-19 to 426.75 million in 2019-20. Of this, 46.18 million additional jobs, equal to 32.72 million or 70.9% were created in agriculture. The number of manufacturing and construction workers increased by a mere 1.65 million and 3.58 million, respectively, in 2019-20. What does this mean for the future of agriculture and the wider economy?
First, the labor force participation rate or LFPR. This is defined as the ratio of a country’s labor force, whether employed or unemployed, to its total population. As Chart 1 shows that there is a significant increase in LFPR, from 36.9% in 2017-18 and 37.5% in 2018-19 to 40.1% in PLFS 2019-20. However, this jump is more noticeable for rural than urban India.
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Secondary worker population ratio or WPR. This is the percentage of the country’s population that actually works. The WPR, too, has increased significantly in 2019-20; again this is due to the increase in employment in rural India.
With the percentage of working people in the population increasing, it is natural to also expect a corresponding decrease in the percentage of unemployment. The unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of people in the national workforce who are unemployed (the total workforce, we have seen, including those who are both employed and unemployed). The table below shows a sharp drop of one percentage point in the unemployment rate in 2019-20. Again, it was the countryside that recorded a greater decline than the city.
With rural India emerging as the primary site for job creation, it is inevitable that agriculture is the primary driver. This can be seen in the table below which shows the distribution of employees or people employed by the company / broad sector.
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Note: The work is based on the normal economic situation (main + subsidiary) during the previous reference period of 365 days; * Includes storage and communications.
It can be seen that the proportion of workers working in the agricultural sector increased to 45.6% in 2019-20, from 42.5% and 44.1% for the previous two PLFS years. This includes reducing the percentages of those involved in manufacturing, construction and various services, apart from trade, hotels and restaurants. In particular, while the country’s urban workforce grew by 35.82 million in 2019-20, more than 89% of that was due to agriculture.
Does this trend of increased employment in agriculture represent a true rural revival and is this trend good for the Indian economy?
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Till 2019-20, as India’s economy shrinks, agriculture provides resilience. The growth of agriculture is 4.3% in 2019-20, which does not exceed that of the general net value added (4.1%), but manufacturing (minus 2.4%) and construction (1%).
One should not be surprised to see these results replicated in the upcoming PLFS for 2020-21 as well. Agriculture, we know, is the only sector that grows (by 3.6%) amid the general economic contraction (of 6.2%) in 2020-21. There are three main reasons for this – a good moon (both 2019 and 2020 are years of excessive rain), farm-related activities are exempted from lockdown restrictions and increased shopping by the government. For more information on this, see our previous note (https:///news/9808).
The questions that really need to be asked are: Can agriculture continue to be the main engine of economic growth and job generator and how desirable is this for the rural economy?
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The previous Employment and Unemployment Survey of the National Bureau of Statistics (NSO’s previous avatar) has shown that India’s industry and service sectors added about 52 million jobs between 2004-05 and 2011-12. Of this, 25 million are in construction alone, with manufacturing (6 million) and other services (21 million) making up the rest. The 52 million additional job opportunities helped pull some 37 million Indians off the farms. And this, in turn, increased rural wages, both in nominal and real terms (see the table below).
Note: Nominal wages are all-India simple statistical measures for rural workers in 25 agricultural and non-agricultural occupations; for real income, the Consumer Price Index for Rural Workers is used.
In the next note, we will point out how the growth in non-farm income (including in rural areas) from roughly the mid-2000s to about 2013-14 actually gave a big boost to Indian agriculture. It not only generates more demand for agricultural products, but also increases the diversification of food and crops. The purpose of agriculture itself is strengthened by the development of employment and non-agricultural income opportunities.
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The shift in India’s structural shift back to agriculture is undoubtedly an indication of the deep crisis in India’s economy and the decline back to subsistence work. The short-term policy implications are significant. Advanced safety nets through PM-KISAN and MGNREGA, enabling on-farm activities for small and marginal farmers, will be critical investments needed to ensure that incomes are secured and basic needs met. However, without firing the other cylinders of the economy, in the long run, the costs of this change in India’s structural transformation will be huge. Any discussion of post-Covid 19 economic revival must recognize the limits of the development model where agriculture is still emerging as the main employer.
This note, part of CPR’s Understanding the Rural Economy series, was written by Harish Damodaran and Yamini Aiyar, with research support from Ragini Rao Munjuluri and Samridhi Agarwal. other animals) are buried to the limit that the land can support and then suffer from starvation and disease to maintain this level.
Fertile land, like most of Europe, can support one hunter per 26 square kilometers, but this falls to one per 250 km.
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In the Australian desert, as calculated by Ian Simmons in his book Changing the Face of the Earth.
The World Bank estimates that 37 percent of the Earth can be classified as agricultural land, but by removing forests, agriculture has probably been responsible for some degradation and desertification of previously fertile lands. So let’s say that, in pre-scientific times, 50 percent of Earth 500 million km
Earth (without Antarctica) would be “poisonous”. Using Simmons’ figures, we then have a non-farming population of about 10 million people.
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The short answer is about 10 million. Grow plants in populations that can be supported by the same area of land. This is why the first civilizations developed along large rivers, where the water was hard
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